Winter was one of the major ones.
I distinctly remember saying that the Russian winter was not the
only one, in response to your earlier post. Maybe my mind is going, and I only imagined saying that? No, I just checked. I did say that. There were a number of major lessons from the Napoleonic wars, including these: a small to middling size country can only extend itself so far in its push to conquer before it overextends itself; Russia is a ****ing huge country in comparison to, say, France or Germany; there's a limited time frame between the spring thaw and the early autumn rains during which vast swaths of Russia are difficult to navigate because of the mud; winter in Russia sucks; Russia tends to be ruled by people who don't care how many of her people are killed in furtherance of the ruler'sdesires; all of the foregoing make Russia a place where it's super easy for a small to middling size country like, say, France or Germany to overextend itself. I came to these conclusions as a fourth grader reading Desiree and following up with some nonfiction history of the Napoleonic wars, and I was by no means a military genius at that age, nor am I one now.
All of those factors combined to make the Eastern Front the most brutal of WWII, and, if I remember correctly, with the highest toll of military and civilian deaths in history.
Another lesson from Napoleon's invasion of Russia (one that the Germans tried to follow) was not to push towards Moscow, but instead destroy the army in the field. Too bad the USSR could field armies more quickly than the Germans could kill them.
Kind of goes back to my points about Russia being a big ****ing country and the overextension of the small to middling size would-be conqueror, doesn't it?
Yep, but 19th century and 20th century warfare was different.
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Blitzkrieg looked like it could work. Heck, Germany's invasion of Russia in WWI worked - to the point where Russia collapsed, ceasing to exist as a nation.
Well, that's the point, isn't it? Tanks and trucks get stuck in mud no less easily than marching men, infantry and wagons.
It's interesting that you choose to ignore the role of the Bolshevik revolution, which was occurring at the same time as WWI, or perhaps you're unaware of the Bolshevik revolution, and the Bolsheviks' desire to withdraw from WWI, which they ultimately did unilaterally (and that unilateral withdrawal is what caused the loss of considerable territory). I suspect that Hitler would have been aware of the role of the Bolshevik revolution in connection with the cessation of WWI Eastern Front hostilities, though. And if he was looking to what happened in WWI as an incentive for aagain invading Russia, he really should have kept in mind that the fighting on the Eastern Front resulted in Germany's inability to maintain the Western Front, and Germany's resounding and humiliating defeat.
I'm told that there was heavy rains that spring, something the Germans weren't expecting. It made the roads bad regardless. I'd have to check the rainfall patterns in the USSR to see how valid the German advance was. Note that Germany did accomplish most of its initial objectives in the beginning - it did destroy the Soviet army in the field, and it thought (incorrectly) that if it defeated most of the Soviet army near the border, that would be the majority of the Red Army. Germany was wrong.
The invasion was originally scheduled for mid May, but Hitler wanted to take care of something else first. Germany did have an advantage in that the autumn rains started late that year.
Not all kilometers are the same. A paved road is different from a well-maintained dirt road, and that's far different than a dirt road that's poorly maintained. But those roads are the same distance on a map.
See, you're thinking like an American who is pretty blissfully unaware of things like road conditions in other countries. Trust me, Germans have not been an insular people, and would have been perfectly aware of how little certain things (like road building) had progressed in Russia. For Germans, Russia is not the other side of the world, as it seems to be for many Americans.