From a few pages of google for various terms I mostly get (the same) government sites from a few different countries, handily telling us how much more danger we're in when we travel x speed beyond the legal limit (though not whether it changes as rapidly below it, nor whether the change is the same if the limit itself is raised/lowered as opposed to a vehicle speeding). Not really helpful for drawing any lines, with that information missing. They also seem to focus on speeding on low-speed limited roads (examples like 50kpm and 30mph, which are roughly equivalent), which isn't really very useful when looking at a
maximum limit since those roads would probably be unsafe long before a freeway designed for high speed travel.
This site can be an example;
Excessive speed contributes to 24% of collisions in which someone is killed, 15% of crashes resulting in a serious injury and 14% of all injury collisions. In 2010, 241 people were killed in crashes involving someone exceeding the speed limit and a further 180 people died when someone was travelling too fast for the conditions.
^this is the sort of thing I mean, where they talk about speed in relation to existing limits.
Approximately two-thirds of all crashes in which people are killed or injured happen on roads with a speed limit of 30 mph or less.
Confirming that going fast on a road not meant for it is bad for your health. Although, this is leaving some things out which could be important, like whether people just spend more time overall on these roads.
The risk of a pedestrian who is hit by a car being killed increases slowly until impact speeds of around 30 mph. Above this speed, the risk increases rapidly, so that a pedestrian who is hit by a car travelling at between 30 mph and 40 mph is between 3.5 and 5.5 times more likely to be killed than if hit by a car travelling at below 30 mph.
Well, I guess now we know what it's like to BE roadkill.
If the speed is doubled then the braking distance is increased by four times.
This is sort of interesting. I actually imagined braking would be worse than that.
In the real world, a pedestrian may step out from a vehicle just in front of you.
Hm... so do I go slow enough not to kill him, or fast enough that he merely collides with the side of the car?
By contrast, a Canadian site:
http://www.sense.bc.ca/research.htm
This one is pretty much the opposite of what I said earlier. Rather than focus specifically on going x over the speed limit, they're mainly looking at speed
relative to traffic. Interesting to read, but still not really helpful to find an ideal maximum limit. I think it helps to explain
why I can't find this information though. Speed relative to traffic is apparently a large part of the problem, and relatively higher speeds on a low-limit road are (possibly, I'm still sceptical of the information this one lacked) more dangerous than slightly higher speeds on an already high speed road. To find what I'm looking for, I think I'd almost have to build a fake freeway, and have a number of cars drive around it for quite a few years while slowly raising the speed limit, and being sure they all follow it fairly rigidly to avoid their speed relative to each other becoming a problem. And I don't think anyone is going to do that...